Why do we celebrate Groundhog Day? Here's what to know about the history of the oddball winter holiday (2024)

In a tradition synonymous with early February in America, a furry forecaster in Pennsylvania tells chilly people all over the nation if spring will come early, or if they’ll have to endure six more weeks of biting temperatures.

It's Groundhog Day.

Some people may Punxsutawney Phil’s shadow as a weather-forecasting truth while others just love what can seem like a silly tradition.

But why do we check in on the shadow of a groundhog in the deep of winter each year?

Get Tri-state area news and weather forecasts to your inbox. Sign up for NBC New York newsletters.

Here's what to know about Groundhog Day:

What happens on Groundhog Day?

On Feb. 2 each year, members of the Punxsutawney Groundhog Club, established in 1887, make their way to Pennsylvania’s Gobbler’s Knob, a rural area a couple of milesoutside ofthe town of Punxsutawney, from which the celebrated rodent gets its name.

U.S. & World

electric vehicles3 hours ago

What the U.S. can learn from Norway when it comes to EV adoption

There, they wait for groundhog Punxsutawney Phil to come out of hibernation.

Upon his emergence, everyone waits with bated breath to see if his shadow appears. If it does, legend has it there will be six more weeks of winter. But, if Phil is shadow-free, spring will come early.

How did Groundhog Day start?

According to the club, the holiday began as a part of the Christian celebration of Candlemas Day in Europe, which was first observed in A.D. 350. To celebrate, Christians took their candles to church to have them blessed as a way to bring good fortune to their household for the remaining winter.

The holiday’s focus evolved from its candle-centric ways to animal-centric ways when Germany joined in and a hedgehog was introduced.

“If, according to German lore, the hedgehog saw his shadow on Candlemas Day there would be a ‘Second Winter’ or 6 more weeks of bad weather,” according to the club.

As German settlers journeyed to the U.S., specifically to Pennsylvania, they found far fewer hedgehogs existed, so they went for the next best hibernating option: a groundhog.

Why do we celebrate Groundhog Day? Here's what to know about the history of the oddball winter holiday (3)

When was the first Groundhog Day in Punxsutawney?

The first official celebration in Punxsutawney happened in 1887 with the first official trek to Gobbler’s Knob, according to the Punxsutawney Groundhog Club.There may have been earlier similar celebrations in the area.

“Each year since then has seen a steady increase in participation of the celebration from people all over the world,” according to the club’s website.

Following the popularity of the 1993 Bill Murray movie "Groundhog Day," the event increased in popularity. Thousands of people have turned out for recent events.

So, who is Punxsutawney Phil?

Well, let's just say the club has probably taken some liberties with its story of Phil.

The famous groundhog’s namesake comes from an unspecified "King Philip." He also has a wife, named Phyliss.

How many Punxsutawney Phils have there been?

That, too, is shrouded in lore. According to the Groundhog Club, Phil lives forever.

According to the club lore, there has only ever been one Punxsutawney Phil. He credits his longevity to a secret “elixir of life.”

And Phyliss?

“She doesn’t receive the Elixir of Life so she will not live forever like Phil,” the club says in its website’s section on Phil.

According to experts, groundhogs in the wild can live up to six years, but two-to-three years is the average. In captivity, groundhogs have reportedly lived up to 14 years.

So it's a safe bet the Phil of 2024 is not the same Phil of 1887.

Why do we celebrate Groundhog Day? Here's what to know about the history of the oddball winter holiday (4)

Where does Phil live full-time?

As for where Phil lives full-time, he spends most of the year in a man-made zoo that is climate-controlled and light-regulated. The zoo is connected to the town’s town park and library.

Because of this environment, Phil does not actually go into full hibernation each year. Unlike outdoor groundhogs who receive signals to hibernate based on a change in daylight hours, Phil’s lights and temperature are consistent year-round.

“In the winter months, he does slow down, eats less, and sleeps more, but he doesn’t hibernate,” the club’s site says.

His weight fluctuates throughout the year due to his change in appetite and exercise. During the summer months, he is much heavier at about 17 pounds and during the winter months he is lighter, only about 11 pounds.

One thing does remain the same for Phil – his favorite foods, which include kale, sweet potatoes, corn on the cob and bananas.

Visitors to Phil's Burrow can see the celeb groundhog -- and others of his groundhog friends -- year-round through a window from outside their burrow.

How accurate is Phil at predicting the weather?

Loyalists will tell you Phil has a perfect record, but weather experts would beg to differ.

According to a division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Phil has gotten it right 40% of the time over the past 10 years.

Why do we celebrate Groundhog Day? Here's what to know about the history of the oddball winter holiday (2024)

FAQs

Why do we celebrate groundhog's day? ›

It derives from the Pennsylvania Dutch superstition that if a groundhog emerges from its burrow on this day and sees its shadow, it will retreat to its den and winter will go on for six more weeks; if it does not see its shadow, spring will arrive early. In 2024, an early spring was predicted.

What are the only two countries who celebrate Groundhog Day? ›

Recent News. Groundhog Day, in the United States and Canada, day (February 2) on which the emergence of the groundhog (woodchuck) from its burrow is said to foretell the weather for the following six weeks.

How many Punxsutawney Phil's have died? ›

It is claimed that this one groundhog has lived to make weather prognostications since 1886, sustained by drinks of "groundhog punch" or "elixir of life" administered at the annual Groundhog Picnic in the fall. The lifespan of a groundhog in the wild is roughly six years.

What are 5 facts about Groundhog Day? ›

9 Fun Facts About Groundhog Day
  • Legend has it that Punxsutawney Phil is actually immortal. ...
  • February 2nd isn't just a random date. ...
  • Traditional celebrations once involved eating the groundhog. ...
  • Punxsutawney Phil owes his status as a household name to Bill Murray. ...
  • Groundhogs have something in common with catcallers.

How did groundhog's day become a thing? ›

The first mention Yoder has found of groundhogs predicting the weather on February 2 is in a diary entry for that day in 1840, written by a Welsh-American storekeeper in Pennsylvania: Today the Germans say the groundhog comes out of his winter quarters and if he sees his shadow he returns in and remains there 40 days.

How long does a groundhog live? ›

Lifespan: In the wild, groundhogs can live up to six years with two or three being average. In captivity, groundhogs reportedly live up to 14 years. Breeding: Groundhogs tend to be solitary except in the spring when a litter of four to six young are born. Litters of one to nine have been recorded.

Did the groundhog see his shadow in 2024 in the USA? ›

Groundhog Day 2024: Punxsutawney Phil did not see shadow, predicts early spring. The spotlight was on Gobbler's Knob in western Pennsylvania early Friday morning as Punxsutawney Phil made his annual prediction. PUNXSUTAWNEY, Pa. -- Punxsutawney Phil has made his prediction for 2024 Groundhog Day.

Who came up with Groundhog Day and why? ›

However, the tradition of using rodents to predict the weather dates back much earlier and was brought to the U.S. by German immigrants. The Groundhog Day celebration was created by a newspaper editor in Punxsutawney named Clymer Freas, who was part of a groundhog hunting club called the Punxsutawney Groundhog Club.

What type of animal is a groundhog? ›

groundhog, (Marmota monax), one of 14 species of marmots (Marmota), considered basically a giant North American ground squirrel. It is sometimes destructive to gardens and pasturelands. Classified as a marmot, the groundhog is a member of the squirrel family, Sciuridae, within the order Rodentia.

Does Punxsutawney Phil have a wife? ›

Spring has sprung, and so, too, has the family of the United States's most famous groundhog. Punxsutawney Phil and his wife, Phyllis, are now officially parents.

Who is the wife of the groundhog? ›

Punxsutawney Phil, the spring-predicting groundhog, and wife Phyllis are parents of 2 babies. Now we know what Punxsutawney Phil, the groundhog who predicts whether an early spring will arrive each Feb. 2, does on the other 364 days.

How many babies did Punxsutawney Phil have? ›

Punxsutawney Phil has two kids growing up in his 138-year-old shadow. The actor Al Pacino was 83 when he welcomed his fourth child. The rock star Mick Jagger was 73 when he had an eighth. And the meteorologically gifted rodent known as Punxsutawney Phil became a father for the first time at age 138.

How many times did he wake up in Groundhog Day? ›

Live in the Moment . . . But Work for a Better Future

To his despair, he discovers himself stuck in a time loop, reliving Groundhog Day an estimated 12,395 times.

How long did Groundhog Day actually last? ›

12,400 days equates to almost 34 years

According to Simon Gallagher from WhatCulture, Phil relives the same day approximately 12,400 times in Groundhog Day. To get to this number, Gallagher began counting each separate day shown onscreen in Groundhog Day, which adds up to 38 days total.

Where does Punxsutawney Phil live? ›

Where does Phil live? In his burrow of course! It is a manmade zoo that is climate controlled and light regulated. It is connected with Barclay Square, the town park, and the Punxsutawney Memorial Library.

Did they eat the groundhog for Groundhog Day? ›

Punxsutawney is an area that Pennsylvania Germans settled — and in the late 1880s started celebrating the holiday by picnicking, hunting and eating groundhogs.

Does Groundhog Day actually matter? ›

Records kept by the Punxsutawney Groundhog Club show Phil has predicted 108 continued winters and only 20 early springs as of 2024. According to the Stormfax Almanac, that works out to a 39% accuracy rate for Phil. In the near term, the groundhog's accuracy rate is slightly better.

How many groundhogs have been Punxsutawney Phil? ›

How many "Phils" have there been over the years? There has only been one Punxsutawney Phil. He has been making predictions since 1886! Punxsutawney Phil gets his longevity from drinking the "elixir of life," a secret recipe.

What is the main message of Groundhog Day? ›

In many ways, then, Groundhog Day is a journey from mindlessness to mindfulness, from selfishness to selflessness. Mindfulness allows us to be more aware of how we go about our daily lives, of our own actions and decisions.

References

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Nathanial Hackett

Last Updated:

Views: 6129

Rating: 4.1 / 5 (52 voted)

Reviews: 83% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Nathanial Hackett

Birthday: 1997-10-09

Address: Apt. 935 264 Abshire Canyon, South Nerissachester, NM 01800

Phone: +9752624861224

Job: Forward Technology Assistant

Hobby: Listening to music, Shopping, Vacation, Baton twirling, Flower arranging, Blacksmithing, Do it yourself

Introduction: My name is Nathanial Hackett, I am a lovely, curious, smiling, lively, thoughtful, courageous, lively person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.